The European metropolis of Lille: building a public policy of participation
Case study - The European metropolis of Lille: building a public policy of participation
Open Source Politics accompanies the European Metropolis of Lille for one year in the development of its participation policy. It was therefore an opportunity to exchange with Delphine Eslanof the MEL's Concertation and Citizenship service, to review the work done since the service was launched in 2014.
When you have chosen Open Source Politics to accompany you in the realization of your digital and physical participative approaches, the European Metropolis of Lille already had a certain tradition of citizen participation. Could you retrace this history for us? When did the MEL decide to promote this way of building its public policies?
Delphine Eslan: Before 2014 and the metropolitan elections, the cross-cutting dimension of participation was not particularly exploited since the two mechanisms in place (regulatory consultations and the Development Council) did not have the ambition to feed into each other.
The change of executive and the arrival of Damien Chastelain as president has spurred profound changes in the vision and treatment of citizen participation at the metropolitan level. The Mission Concertation et Citoyenneté was created on this occasion, but its roadmap has not been defined.
We therefore had to build our own roadmap, in agreement with the elected representatives, of course. We decided to submit the elaboration of the participation policy to the inhabitants of the territory. The elected representatives were very much involved in this "Citizen's Factory", which gave birth to a Charter of Citizen Participation. This Charter still gives us the orientations of the Metropolis on the subject, the methodologies to be followed and a precise action plan. Finalized at the end of 2016, this Charter was voted on by the Metropolitan Council on December 2.
We didn't have Decidim at the time, so from December 2015 we had to adapt the back-office of the website at that time. The consultation that led to the Charter also made it possible to raise this necessity: the Metropolis had to equip itself with a dedicated digital tool. In mid-2016, a call for tenders in this respect was therefore issued to all civic tech companies. At the beginning of 2018, after an initial trial, we adopted Decidim, the free software proposed by Open Source Politics.
Let's now get more into the practice of participating in MEL. A metropolis has an often complicated position to manage within the French political-administrative organization. The lack of recognition often observed sometimes makes citizen participation difficult. How do you determine which themes are relevant to be submitted for consultation?
We are a department that is intended to support the technical departments. We are focused on MEL's skills, which allows us to easily fit into the French political-administrative organization since it is the services that come to us with a willingness to integrate participation in the construction of their public policy. We therefore have few conflicts of competence.
MEL's Decidim platform is one tool among many, but services often enter into participation through this tool; it is up to us to show them how to take into account the different participatory modalities. The relevance of a theme for participation often depends on the participatory mechanism put in place.
If we take the specific example of the concertation on walking, could you describe how you built this approach?
The concertation on walking is a good example of virtuous concertation: it has been well anticipated since the Walking Plan is to be finalised in 2020. We have developed a process that makes it possible to work on the concertation targets and the ecosystem to be mobilized. In addition, we have to add to this the time needed to shape the approach that we want to propose to citizens: we wanted to use digital technology to establish the diagnosis and to add face-to-face devices to it.
An exploratory city walk proved to be very helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Our Decidim platform also allowed us to draw lots from the proposals we evaluated during the Fab'MEL, by inviting project leaders to come and pitch their proposals before the participants present improved them thanks to a workshop in an open forum format.
This approach is therefore, in my opinion, the result of a beautiful hybridization very well managed by Decidim: it is possible to jointly manage digital and other modes of participation. We wanted to refute the technological solutionism that is sometimes present today, both among elected officials and civil servants.
The Urban Exploratory Walk, an alliance between digital and physical forms of participation
How did you ensure the impact of citizen contributions?
At the end of the consultation on walking, the department concerned drew up an analysis report establishing major trends in the profiles of walkers in Metropolitan France. It is complicated to define what will come out of this process beforehand. The outcome of a public policy construction process is often in the form of a technical and financial analysis that is difficult to get out of the services.
When the approach includes participation, it is even more necessary to provide feedback to participants on the impact of their contribution, through a feedback event and on the Decidim platform. This is why we are striving to standardize the output format beyond the consultation on the march. In particular, a standard framework for consultation assessment has been produced following another consultation process (on mobility), which clearly illustrates this need.
Indicating at the outset of the process the impact of the contributions will have increases citizens' confidence in the process.
Have the services been trained? If so, how?
We organized several optional one-day training sessions on the Charter. Three additional days of training, focusing specifically on project methodology, were then conducted with a consulting firm in consultation.
Now, some departments are making specifications for AMOs without us; they have become autonomous and that's good! We don't have time to do everything. On the other hand, given that we have the expertise of the Decidim platform and that we manage its administration, any willingness to use it requires our involvement in the participative approach.
What are the next projects you would like to work on between now and the municipal elections?
The Charter provides for an assessment of our action. In parallel with the consultation processes which must be accompanied between now and then, it is this assessment which awaits us. With hindsight, we find that the Charter is very technical and not very accessible to the general public. It could, however, be a moral contract between the MEL and the citizens, but it is not drafted as such. It is only for internal use; it is a good start, but we should now be able to project ourselves.
Finally, we would like to work on indicators to evaluate the consultation processes that we are putting in place. For example, we have in the drawers the idea of setting up a "citizen label" that would appear in official documents to distinguish the added value that comes from consultation. So we have a lot of projects, and a lot of enthusiasm to take them forward!
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